| Black Elk was nine years old when he went into a coma from a fevered illness, his parents called a medicine man to cure him, during his illness he experienced a great spiritual vision of the world. He saw that the hoop of his nation was one of many hoops, he saw the cooperation of all the hoops of all nations. He was a thirteen-year-old warrior at the Battle of Little Bighorn in 1876, became the spiritual adviser and gift-giver of his people and bore sad witness to the massacre of the Sioux at Wounded Knee in 1890.
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